littlefs/dfs_lfs.c

#include <rtdevice.h>
#include <rtthread.h>

#include <dfs_file.h>
#include <dfs_fs.h>

#include "lfs.h"

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#ifndef RT_DEF_LFS_DRIVERS
    #define RT_DEF_LFS_DRIVERS 1
#endif

#if (RT_DEF_LFS_DRIVERS < 1)
    #error "#define RT_DEF_LFS_DRIVERS must > 0"
#endif

#ifndef LFS_READ_SIZE
    #define LFS_READ_SIZE 256
#endif

#ifndef LFS_PROG_SIZE
    #define LFS_PROG_SIZE 256
#endif

#ifndef LFS_BLOCK_SIZE
    #define LFS_BLOCK_SIZE 4096
#endif

#ifndef LFS_LOOKAHEAD
    #define LFS_LOOKAHEAD 512
#endif

typedef struct _dfs_lfs_s
{
    struct lfs lfs;
    struct lfs_config cfg;
} dfs_lfs_t;

typedef struct _dfs_lfs_fd_s
{
    struct lfs* lfs;
    union
    {
        struct lfs_file file;
        struct lfs_dir dir;
    } u;
} dfs_lfs_fd_t;

static struct _dfs_lfs_s* _lfs_mount_tbl[RT_DEF_LFS_DRIVERS] = {0};

// Read a region in a block. Negative error codes are propogated
// to the user.
static int _lfs_flash_read(const struct lfs_config* c, lfs_block_t block, lfs_off_t off, void* buffer, lfs_size_t size)
{
    struct rt_mtd_nor_device* mtd_nor;

    RT_ASSERT(c != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(c->context != RT_NULL);

    mtd_nor = (struct rt_mtd_nor_device*)c->context;
    if (rt_mtd_nor_read(mtd_nor, block * c->block_size + off, buffer, size) != size)
    {
        return LFS_ERR_IO;
    }

    return LFS_ERR_OK;
}

// Program a region in a block. The block must have previously
// been erased. Negative error codes are propogated to the user.
// May return LFS_ERR_CORRUPT if the block should be considered bad.
static int _lfs_flash_prog(const struct lfs_config* c, lfs_block_t block, lfs_off_t off, const void* buffer, lfs_size_t size)
{
    struct rt_mtd_nor_device* mtd_nor;

    RT_ASSERT(c != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(c->context != RT_NULL);

    mtd_nor = (struct rt_mtd_nor_device*)c->context;
    if (rt_mtd_nor_write(mtd_nor, block * c->block_size + off, buffer, size) != size)
    {
        return LFS_ERR_IO;
    }

    return LFS_ERR_OK;
}

// Erase a block. A block must be erased before being programmed.
// The state of an erased block is undefined. Negative error codes
// are propogated to the user.
// May return LFS_ERR_CORRUPT if the block should be considered bad.
static int _lfs_flash_erase(const struct lfs_config* c, lfs_block_t block)
{
    struct rt_mtd_nor_device* mtd_nor;

    RT_ASSERT(c != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(c->context != RT_NULL);

    mtd_nor = (struct rt_mtd_nor_device*)c->context;
    if (rt_mtd_nor_erase_block(mtd_nor, block * c->block_size, c->block_size) != RT_EOK)
    {
        return LFS_ERR_IO;
    }

    return LFS_ERR_OK;
}

// Sync the state of the underlying block device. Negative error codes
// are propogated to the user.
static int _lfs_flash_sync(const struct lfs_config* c)
{
    return LFS_ERR_OK;
}

/* results:
 *  -1, no space to install fatfs driver
 *  >= 0, there is an space to install littlefs driver
 */
static int _get_disk(rt_device_t dev_id)
{
    int index;

    if (dev_id == RT_NULL)
    {
        for (index = 0; index < RT_DEF_LFS_DRIVERS; index ++)
        {
            if(_lfs_mount_tbl[index] == RT_NULL)
            {
                return index;
            }
        }
    }
    else
    {
        for (index = 0; index < RT_DEF_LFS_DRIVERS; index ++)
        {
            if ((_lfs_mount_tbl[index] != RT_NULL) && (_lfs_mount_tbl[index]->cfg.context == (void *)dev_id))
            {
                return index;
            }
        }
    }

    return -1;
}

static int _lfs_result_to_dfs(int result)
{
    int status = 0;

    switch (result)
    {
    case LFS_ERR_OK:
        break;

    case LFS_ERR_IO:
        status = -EIO;
        break; // Error during device operation

    case LFS_ERR_NOENT:
        status = -ENOENT;
        break; // No directory entry

    case LFS_ERR_EXIST:
        status = -EEXIST;
        break; // Entry already exists

    case LFS_ERR_NOTDIR:
        status = -ENOTDIR;
        break; // Entry is not a dir

    case LFS_ERR_ISDIR:
        status = -EISDIR;
        break; // Entry is a dir

    case LFS_ERR_NOTEMPTY:
        status = -ENOTEMPTY;
        break; // Dir is not empty

    case LFS_ERR_BADF:
        status = -EBADF;
        break; // Bad file number

    case LFS_ERR_INVAL:
        status = -EINVAL;
        break; // Invalid parameter

    case LFS_ERR_NOSPC:
        status = -ENOSPC;
        break; // No space left on device

    case LFS_ERR_NOMEM:
        status = -ENOMEM;
        break; // No more memory available

    case LFS_ERR_CORRUPT:
        status = -52;
        break; // Corrupted

    default:
        status = -EIO;
        break;
    }

    return status;
}

static void _lfs_load_config(struct lfs_config* lfs_cfg, struct rt_mtd_nor_device* mtd_nor)
{
    lfs_cfg->context = (void*)mtd_nor;

    lfs_cfg->read_size = LFS_READ_SIZE;
    lfs_cfg->prog_size = LFS_PROG_SIZE;

    lfs_cfg->block_size = mtd_nor->block_size;
    if (lfs_cfg->block_size < LFS_BLOCK_SIZE)
    {
        lfs_cfg->block_size = LFS_BLOCK_SIZE;
    }

    lfs_cfg->block_count = mtd_nor->block_end - mtd_nor->block_start;

    lfs_cfg->lookahead = 32 * ((lfs_cfg->block_count + 31) / 32);
    if (lfs_cfg->lookahead > LFS_LOOKAHEAD)
    {
        lfs_cfg->lookahead = LFS_LOOKAHEAD;
    }

    lfs_cfg->read = &_lfs_flash_read;
    lfs_cfg->prog = &_lfs_flash_prog;
    lfs_cfg->erase = &_lfs_flash_erase;
    lfs_cfg->sync = &_lfs_flash_sync;
}

static int _dfs_lfs_mount(struct dfs_filesystem* dfs, unsigned long rwflag, const void* data)
{
    int result;
    int index;
    dfs_lfs_t* dfs_lfs;

    /* Check Device Type */
    if (dfs->dev_id->type != RT_Device_Class_MTD)
    {
        rt_kprintf("The flash device type must be MTD!\n");
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    /* get an empty position */
    index = _get_disk(RT_NULL);
    if (index == -1)
    {
        return -EIO;
    }

    /*create lfs handle */
    dfs_lfs = (dfs_lfs_t*)rt_malloc(sizeof(dfs_lfs_t));
    if (dfs_lfs == RT_NULL)
    {
        rt_kprintf("ERROR:no memory!\n");
        return -ENOMEM;
    }
    rt_memset(dfs_lfs, 0, sizeof(dfs_lfs_t));

    _lfs_load_config(&dfs_lfs->cfg, (struct rt_mtd_nor_device*)dfs->dev_id);

    /* mount lfs*/
    result = lfs_mount(&dfs_lfs->lfs, &dfs_lfs->cfg);
    if (result != LFS_ERR_OK)
    {
        /* release memory */
        rt_free(dfs_lfs);

        return -EIO;
    }

    /* mount succeed! */
    dfs->data = (void*)dfs_lfs;
    _lfs_mount_tbl[index] = dfs_lfs;

    return RT_EOK;
}

static int _dfs_lfs_unmount(struct dfs_filesystem* dfs)
{
    int result;
    int index;
    dfs_lfs_t* dfs_lfs;

    RT_ASSERT(dfs != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(dfs->data != RT_NULL);

    /* find the device index and then umount it */
    index = _get_disk(dfs->dev_id);
    if (index == -1)
    {
        return -ENOENT;
    }
    _lfs_mount_tbl[index] = RT_NULL;

    dfs_lfs = (dfs_lfs_t*)dfs->data;
    dfs->data = RT_NULL;

    result = lfs_unmount(&dfs_lfs->lfs);
    rt_free(dfs_lfs);

    return _lfs_result_to_dfs(result);
}

static int _dfs_lfs_mkfs(rt_device_t dev_id)
{
    int result;
    int index;
    dfs_lfs_t* dfs_lfs;

    if (dev_id == RT_NULL)
    {
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    /* Check Device Type */
    if (dev_id->type != RT_Device_Class_MTD)
    {
        rt_kprintf("The flash device type must be MTD!\n");
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    index = _get_disk(dev_id);
    if (index == -1)
    {
        /* not found the device id */
        index = _get_disk(RT_NULL);
        if (index == -1)
        {
            /* no space to store an temp driver */
            rt_kprintf("sorry, there is no space to do mkfs! \n");
            return -ENOSPC;
        }

        /* create lfs handle */
        dfs_lfs = rt_malloc(sizeof(dfs_lfs_t));

        if (dfs_lfs == RT_NULL)
        {
            rt_kprintf("ERROR:no memory!\n");

            _lfs_mount_tbl[index] = RT_NULL;
            return -ENOMEM;
        }
        rt_memset(dfs_lfs, 0, sizeof(dfs_lfs_t));

        _lfs_load_config(&dfs_lfs->cfg, (struct rt_mtd_nor_device*)dev_id);

        /* format flash device */
        result = lfs_format(&dfs_lfs->lfs, &dfs_lfs->cfg);

        return _lfs_result_to_dfs(result);
    }

    dfs_lfs = _lfs_mount_tbl[index];

    /* unmount it */
    result = lfs_unmount(&dfs_lfs->lfs);
    if (result != LFS_ERR_OK)
    {
        return _lfs_result_to_dfs(result);
    }

    _lfs_mount_tbl[index] = RT_NULL;

    /* format flash device */
    result = lfs_format(&dfs_lfs->lfs, &dfs_lfs->cfg);
    if (result != LFS_ERR_OK)
    {
        return _lfs_result_to_dfs(result);
    }

    _lfs_load_config(&dfs_lfs->cfg, (struct rt_mtd_nor_device*)dev_id);

    /* mount lfs*/
    result = lfs_mount(&dfs_lfs->lfs, &dfs_lfs->cfg);
    if (result == LFS_ERR_OK)
    {
        _lfs_mount_tbl[index] = dfs_lfs;
    }

    return _lfs_result_to_dfs(result);
}

static int _dfs_lfs_statfs_count(void* p, lfs_block_t b)
{
    *(lfs_size_t*)p += 1;
    return 0;
}

static int _dfs_lfs_statfs(struct dfs_filesystem* dfs, struct statfs* buf)
{
    dfs_lfs_t* dfs_lfs;
    int result;
    lfs_size_t in_use = 0;

    RT_ASSERT(buf != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(dfs != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(dfs->data != RT_NULL);

    dfs_lfs = (dfs_lfs_t*)dfs->data;

    /* Get total sectors and free sectors */
    result = lfs_traverse(&dfs_lfs->lfs, _dfs_lfs_statfs_count, &in_use);
    if (result != LFS_ERR_OK)
    {
        return _lfs_result_to_dfs(result);
    }

    buf->f_bsize = dfs_lfs->cfg.block_size;
    buf->f_blocks = dfs_lfs->cfg.block_count;
    buf->f_bfree = dfs_lfs->cfg.block_count - in_use;

    return RT_EOK;
}

static int _dfs_lfs_unlink(struct dfs_filesystem* dfs, const char* path)
{
    dfs_lfs_t* dfs_lfs;
    int result;

    RT_ASSERT(dfs != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(dfs->data != RT_NULL);
    dfs_lfs = (dfs_lfs_t*)dfs->data;

    result = lfs_remove(&dfs_lfs->lfs, path);
    return _lfs_result_to_dfs(result);
}

static void _dfs_lfs_tostat(struct stat* st, struct lfs_info* info)
{
    memset(st, 0, sizeof(struct stat));

    /* convert to dfs stat structure */
    st->st_dev = 0;
    st->st_size = info->size;
    st->st_mode = S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO;

    switch (info->type)
    {
    case LFS_TYPE_DIR:
        st->st_mode |= S_IFDIR;
        break;

    case LFS_TYPE_REG:
        st->st_mode |= S_IFREG;
        break;
    }
}

static int _dfs_lfs_stat(struct dfs_filesystem* dfs, const char* path, struct stat* st)
{
    dfs_lfs_t* dfs_lfs;
    int result;
    struct lfs_info info;

    RT_ASSERT(dfs != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(dfs->data != RT_NULL);
    dfs_lfs = (dfs_lfs_t*)dfs->data;

    result = lfs_stat(&dfs_lfs->lfs, path, &info);
    if (result != LFS_ERR_OK)
    {
        return _lfs_result_to_dfs(result);
    }

    _dfs_lfs_tostat(st, &info);
    return 0;
}

static int _dfs_lfs_rename(struct dfs_filesystem* dfs, const char* from, const char* to)
{
    dfs_lfs_t* dfs_lfs;
    int result;

    RT_ASSERT(dfs != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(dfs->data != RT_NULL);
    dfs_lfs = (dfs_lfs_t*)dfs->data;

    result = lfs_rename(&dfs_lfs->lfs, from, to);
    return _lfs_result_to_dfs(result);
}

/******************************************************************************
 * file operations
 ******************************************************************************/
static int _dfs_lfs_open(struct dfs_fd* file)
{
    struct dfs_filesystem* dfs;
    dfs_lfs_t* dfs_lfs;
    int result;
    int flags = 0;

    RT_ASSERT(file != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(file->data != RT_NULL);

    dfs = (struct dfs_filesystem*)file->data;
    dfs_lfs = (dfs_lfs_t*)dfs->data;

    if (file->flags & O_DIRECTORY)
    {
        dfs_lfs_fd_t* dfs_lfs_fd = rt_malloc(sizeof(dfs_lfs_fd_t));
        if (dfs_lfs_fd == RT_NULL)
        {
            rt_kprintf("ERROR:no memory!\n");
            result = -ENOMEM;

            goto _error_dir;
        }
        rt_memset(dfs_lfs_fd, 0, sizeof(dfs_lfs_fd_t));
        dfs_lfs_fd->lfs = &dfs_lfs->lfs;

        if (file->flags & O_CREAT)
        {
            result = lfs_mkdir(dfs_lfs_fd->lfs, file->path);
            if (result != LFS_ERR_OK)
            {
                goto _error_dir;
            }
        }

        result = lfs_dir_open(dfs_lfs_fd->lfs, &dfs_lfs_fd->u.dir, file->path);
        if (result != LFS_ERR_OK)
        {
            goto _error_dir;
        }
        else
        {
            file->data = (void*)dfs_lfs_fd;
            return RT_EOK;
        }

    _error_dir:
        if (dfs_lfs_fd != RT_NULL)
        {
            rt_free(dfs_lfs_fd);
        }

        return _lfs_result_to_dfs(result);
    }
    else
    {
        dfs_lfs_fd_t* dfs_lfs_fd = rt_malloc(sizeof(dfs_lfs_fd_t));
        if (dfs_lfs_fd == RT_NULL)
        {
            rt_kprintf("ERROR:no memory!\n");
            result = -ENOMEM;

            goto _error_file;
        }
        rt_memset(dfs_lfs_fd, 0, sizeof(dfs_lfs_fd_t));
        dfs_lfs_fd->lfs = &dfs_lfs->lfs;

        if ((file->flags & 3) == O_RDONLY)
            flags |= LFS_O_RDONLY;
        if ((file->flags & 3) == O_WRONLY)
            flags |= LFS_O_WRONLY;
        if ((file->flags & 3) == O_RDWR)
            flags |= LFS_O_RDWR;
        if (file->flags & O_CREAT)
            flags |= LFS_O_CREAT;
        if (file->flags & O_EXCL)
            flags |= LFS_O_EXCL;
        if (file->flags & O_TRUNC)
            flags |= LFS_O_TRUNC;
        if (file->flags & O_APPEND)
            flags |= LFS_O_APPEND;

        result = lfs_file_open(dfs_lfs_fd->lfs, &dfs_lfs_fd->u.file, file->path, flags);
        if (result != LFS_ERR_OK)
        {
            goto _error_file;
        }
        else
        {
            file->data = (void*)dfs_lfs_fd;
            file->pos = dfs_lfs_fd->u.file.pos;
            file->size = dfs_lfs_fd->u.file.size;
            return RT_EOK;
        }

    _error_file:
        if (dfs_lfs_fd != RT_NULL)
        {
            rt_free(dfs_lfs_fd);
        }

        return _lfs_result_to_dfs(result);
    }
}

static int _dfs_lfs_close(struct dfs_fd* file)
{
    int result;
    dfs_lfs_fd_t* dfs_lfs_fd;
    RT_ASSERT(file != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(file->data != RT_NULL);

    dfs_lfs_fd = (dfs_lfs_fd_t*)file->data;

    if (file->type == FT_DIRECTORY)
    {
        result = lfs_dir_close(dfs_lfs_fd->lfs, &dfs_lfs_fd->u.dir);
    }
    else
    {
        result = lfs_file_close(dfs_lfs_fd->lfs, &dfs_lfs_fd->u.file);
    }

    rt_free(dfs_lfs_fd);

    return _lfs_result_to_dfs(result);
}

static int _dfs_lfs_ioctl(struct dfs_fd* file, int cmd, void* args)
{
    return -ENOSYS;
}

static int _dfs_lfs_read(struct dfs_fd* file, void* buf, size_t len)
{
    lfs_ssize_t ssize;
    dfs_lfs_fd_t* dfs_lfs_fd;

    RT_ASSERT(file != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(file->data != RT_NULL);

    if (file->type == FT_DIRECTORY)
    {
        return -EISDIR;
    }

    dfs_lfs_fd = (dfs_lfs_fd_t*)file->data;

#if 0
    if (lfs_file_tell(dfs_lfs_fd->lfs, &dfs_lfs_fd->u.file) != file->pos)
    {
        lfs_soff_t soff = lfs_file_seek(dfs_lfs_fd->lfs, &dfs_lfs_fd->u.file, file->pos, LFS_SEEK_SET);
        if (soff < 0)
        {
            return _lfs_result_to_dfs(soff);
        }
    }
#endif

    ssize = lfs_file_read(dfs_lfs_fd->lfs, &dfs_lfs_fd->u.file, buf, len);
    if (ssize < 0)
    {
        return _lfs_result_to_dfs(ssize);
    }

    /* update position */
    file->pos = dfs_lfs_fd->u.file.pos;

    return ssize;
}

static int _dfs_lfs_write(struct dfs_fd* file, const void* buf, size_t len)
{
    lfs_ssize_t ssize;
    dfs_lfs_fd_t* dfs_lfs_fd;
    RT_ASSERT(file != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(file->data != RT_NULL);

    if (file->type == FT_DIRECTORY)
    {
        return -EISDIR;
    }

    dfs_lfs_fd = (dfs_lfs_fd_t*)file->data;

#if 0
    if (lfs_file_tell(dfs_lfs_fd->lfs, &dfs_lfs_fd->u.file) != file->pos)
    {
        lfs_soff_t soff = lfs_file_seek(dfs_lfs_fd->lfs, &dfs_lfs_fd->u.file, file->pos, LFS_SEEK_SET);
        if (soff < 0)
        {
            return _lfs_result_to_dfs(soff);
        }
    }
#endif

    ssize = lfs_file_write(dfs_lfs_fd->lfs, &dfs_lfs_fd->u.file, buf, len);
    if (ssize < 0)
    {
        return _lfs_result_to_dfs(ssize);
    }

    /* update position and file size */
    file->pos = dfs_lfs_fd->u.file.pos;
    file->size = dfs_lfs_fd->u.file.size;

    return ssize;
}

static int _dfs_lfs_flush(struct dfs_fd* file)
{
    int result;
    dfs_lfs_fd_t* dfs_lfs_fd;

    RT_ASSERT(file != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(file->data != RT_NULL);

    dfs_lfs_fd = (dfs_lfs_fd_t*)file->data;

    result = lfs_file_sync(dfs_lfs_fd->lfs, &dfs_lfs_fd->u.file);

    return _lfs_result_to_dfs(result);
}

static int _dfs_lfs_lseek(struct dfs_fd* file, rt_off_t offset)
{
    dfs_lfs_fd_t* dfs_lfs_fd;

    RT_ASSERT(file != RT_NULL);
    RT_ASSERT(file->data != RT_NULL);

    dfs_lfs_fd = (dfs_lfs_fd_t*)file->data;

    if (file->type == FT_REGULAR)
    {
        lfs_soff_t soff = lfs_file_seek(dfs_lfs_fd->lfs, &dfs_lfs_fd->u.file, offset, LFS_SEEK_SET);
        if (soff < 0)
        {
            return _lfs_result_to_dfs(soff);
        }

        file->pos = dfs_lfs_fd->u.file.pos;
    }
    else if (file->type == FT_DIRECTORY)
    {
        lfs_soff_t soff = lfs_dir_seek(dfs_lfs_fd->lfs, &dfs_lfs_fd->u.dir, offset);
        if (soff < 0)
        {
            return _lfs_result_to_dfs(soff);
        }

        file->pos = dfs_lfs_fd->u.dir.pos;
    }

    return (file->pos);
}

static int _dfs_lfs_getdents(struct dfs_fd* file, struct dirent* dirp, uint32_t count)
{
    dfs_lfs_fd_t* dfs_lfs_fd;
    int result;
    int index;
    struct dirent* d;
    struct lfs_info info;

    RT_ASSERT(file->data != RT_NULL);

    dfs_lfs_fd = (dfs_lfs_fd_t*)(file->data);

    /* make integer count */
    count = (count / sizeof(struct dirent)) * sizeof(struct dirent);
    if (count == 0)
    {
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    index = 0;
    while (1)
    {
        d = dirp + index;

        result = lfs_dir_read(dfs_lfs_fd->lfs, &dfs_lfs_fd->u.dir, &info);
        if ((result != 1) || (info.name[0] == 0))
        {
            break;
        }

        d->d_type = DT_UNKNOWN;

        switch (info.type)
        {
        case LFS_TYPE_DIR:
            d->d_type |= DT_DIR;
            break;

        case LFS_TYPE_REG:
            d->d_type |= DT_REG;
            break;
        }

        d->d_namlen = (rt_uint8_t)rt_strlen(info.name);
        d->d_reclen = (rt_uint16_t)sizeof(struct dirent);
        rt_strncpy(d->d_name, info.name, rt_strlen(info.name) + 1);

        index++;
        if (index * sizeof(struct dirent) >= count)
        {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (index == 0)
    {
        return _lfs_result_to_dfs(result);
    }

    file->pos += index * sizeof(struct dirent);

    return index * sizeof(struct dirent);
}

static const struct dfs_file_ops _dfs_lfs_fops = {
    _dfs_lfs_open,
    _dfs_lfs_close,
    _dfs_lfs_ioctl,
    _dfs_lfs_read,
    _dfs_lfs_write,
    _dfs_lfs_flush,
    _dfs_lfs_lseek,
    _dfs_lfs_getdents,
    //    RT_NULL, /* poll interface */
};

static const struct dfs_filesystem_ops _dfs_lfs_ops = {
    "lfs",
    DFS_FS_FLAG_DEFAULT,
    &_dfs_lfs_fops,

    _dfs_lfs_mount,
    _dfs_lfs_unmount,

    _dfs_lfs_mkfs,
    _dfs_lfs_statfs,
    _dfs_lfs_unlink,
    _dfs_lfs_stat,
    _dfs_lfs_rename,
};

int dfs_lfs_init(void)
{
    /* register ram file system */
    dfs_register(&_dfs_lfs_ops);

    return 0;
}
INIT_COMPONENT_EXPORT(dfs_lfs_init);